The Glass Menangerie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Glass Menangerie - Essay Example Tom Wingfield, Laura’s brother is the narrator of the events of the play from memory. Amanda’s husband is described as â€Å"a telephone man who fell in love with long distance†, who had deserted his family when Tom and Laura were children. Amanda had to fend for her family al alone and therefore suffers a withdrawal from reality. Laura has physical handicap, walks with a limp and wore braces to high school. Therefore this has made her frightfully shy, to the extent that the outside world scares her. She finds solace and is very comfortable with her collection of glass figurines and enjoys her father’s old Victrola Phonograph Records. Tom worked in a shoe warehouse but was a â€Å"selfish dreamer† who wasted a lot of time on movies, alcohol and reading novels. The atmosphere at home was quite strained as there were quarrels and arguments that took place very often. Each of Tennessee Williams characters have their own goals that they want to achieve. Amanda is looking forward to Laura finishing High School and taking up a job, but her hopes are sadly dashed to the ground when she finds hat Laura has stopped going to school because of her terrible shyness. Amanda is extremely disappointed but resolves once again to find a suitable match for her daughter Laura before she becomes like one of those â€Å"barely tolerated spinsters†. So she puts Tom in charge of bringing in a good bridegroom for her. Tom brings in Jim O’Connor who happens to be the very boy that Laura secretly loved in High School. Laura tries her best to overcome her shyness and Jim helps her a lot. Just as she feels very comfortable with Jim, he tells her that he is engaged to a girl called Betty whom he would marry shortly. He also went on to explain that he had changed so much after the engagement, because of love. Poor Laura’s hopes are sadly dashed to the ground and both she and her mother fretfully blame

The Life and Influences of Albert Einstein Essay Example for Free

The Life and Influences of Albert Einstein Essay Sometimes in history, ironically, the greatest contributions to society come from the most inconceivable places. Undoubtedly, Albert Einstein contributed not only innovative thought to his time, but also aided in revolutionizing science especially in physics. His efforts, however, would not have been expected by historians if only his childhood was examined. Einstein was born March 14, 1879 to Herman and Pauline Einstein. Albert was the first child born to this young, Jewish couple. After a year, the couple moved to Munich where Einstein would spend the remainder of his childhood (Schulmann, par. 1). Like many children during this time, Einsteins childhood was a normal one, except that to his familys irritation, he learnt to speak at a late age (Schulmann, par. 1). His childhood was fortunate in that he was able to receive a high quality of education. By the age of five he was enrolled in a private school and by six he was receiving a full scale education at Petersschule, a Catholic school in Munich (Schulmann, par. 1). Einstein never shined in school and when attempting to apply to ETH, a school in Zurich, he was turned down because his exam results were insufficient (Schulmann, par. 2). Therefore, Einstein followed the advice of his rector and attended the Kantonsschule in the town of Aarau in order to improve his knowledge (Schulmann, par. 2). The remainder of Einsteins early life was marked by disappointment in that he was rejected from various schools and jobs. In between jobs, Einstein tutored in mathematics and physics and out of this grew Akademie Olympia, an organization devoted to scientific and philosophical questions (Schulmann, par. 3). This organization may have been the major origin for Einsteins transformation from average student to genius (Schulmann, par.3). It is important to understand that Einsteins innovations and theorys came at a time when science and technology was booming. Scientific revolutions were occurring with uncanny frequency in the disciplines of biology, invention, and chemistry due to the devotion of numerous, professional scientists. Charles Darwin, in 1859, wrote Origin of Species a philosophical breakthrough in biology in the theory of evolution. In 1879, the same year as Einsteins birth, Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. Finally, in 1908, Ernest Rutherford received a Nobel Prize for his earlier work on illustrating the atomic nucleus (Scientific Timeline). However, Einsteins innovative theology and contributions to science in quantum mechanics, the relationship between mass and energy, and the principle of equivalence may have advanced science further than anyone. Albert Einstein didnt invent anything. He didnt discover a new planet or star. He didnt produce something faster, bigger, or better (Wishinsky p. 1). He did however, see the world in a new way. He asked new questions about light, energy, space, time, mass, and gravity. He formulated new answers. He made scientists rethink their old theories and see new possibilities (Wishinsky p. 1). Einstein conducted many studies. A few of them are quantum mechanics, the relationship between mass and energy, and the principle of equivalence. Quantum mechanics is defined in Albert Einstein: the Rebel behind Relativity, by Jake Goldberg, as a theory of matter that describes the behavior of subatomic particles based on the idea that they have properties of both waves and particles. A man by the name of Planck researched this idea before Einstein. But, Einstein elaborated more on the idea that energy is emitted and absorbed by objects in tiny chunks called quanta (Goldberg p. 38). In Einsteins first paper that he wrote, he agreed with Plancks ideas (Goldberg p. 38). Einstein said that light is actually made up of quanta whose energy content, or size, depends on the frequency of the light. When the light on the metal was made more intense, the metal was bombarded by more quanta of the same size, none of which had the push to knock out electrons any faster. But when the frequency of the light was increased, bigger quanta were created that could knock out electrons at higher speeds (Goldberg p. 38). Even though, Einstein agreed with Planck, he did surpass him in the end because he was suggesting not only that energy is emitted and absorbed in tiny bundles, but that the light waves themselves are made up of energy bundles (Goldberg p. 39). Another study Einstein performed was the relationship between mass and energy. He discovered that the two are equivalent (Swisher p. 41). However, in the past, scientists had thought energy and mass were separate and had developed separate laws for each. With this new perspective, Einstein reasoned that if a body, a mass of something, gave off energy, then the size of the mass would diminish, according to the amount of energy given off (Swisher p. 43). He thought that this idea would hold true for all forms of energy: heat, light, or electricity. To make a formula, he used E to symbolize energy and again he used c, the constant of light. His formula E/c^2 calculates the amount of energy given off Einstein realized that the reverse is also true, that all mass is equivalent to energy. With this discovery, he was able to calculate the actual amount of conversion with the equation E=mc^2 (Swisher p. 43). A different study he did was discovering the principle of equivalence. He found out that the force of gravity was equivalent to the force produced by acceleration. (Parker p. 19). According to Einstein, there are two way to measure mass. One is the force by which gravity pulls on it the familiar weight here on Earth. The other is the force needed to make it accelerate (Parker p. 19). These two ways are known today as gravitational mass and inertial mass. Einstein reasoned that the mass of a large object such as the Sun would attract the energy in something weightless like light (Parker p. 19). Albert Einstein has been one of the few scientists to totally change mans view of the world (The New Book of Knowledge pg. 104). His face stares out from posters, mugs, and magazine ads-a somber, time-worn face beneath a wild mane of silvery hair. Hes a cartoonists dream-the model for the brilliant but dreamy professor, wrapped in complex thoughts, oblivious to the everyday world. (Heinrichs pg. 4) During the first half of this century Einstein set forth a number of theories about the physical world. These theories dealt with everything from the inside of an atom to the farthest regions of the universe. (The New Book of Knowledge pg. 104) Einsteins theories were created to prove that elements such as gravity, energy, matter, light, space, and time are all related to one another (The New Book of Knowledge pg. 104). Einstein worked out his theories in the laboratory of his mind. He had to use the most advanced kinds of mathematics to describe his ideas. These theories were so unusual and complicated the very few scientists could understand them at first. (The New Book of Knowledge pg. 104) After years of tests, experiments, and observations on Albert Einsteins theories, they were proven to be accurate (The New Book of Knowledge pg. 104). The theories not only explained what was already known, but they allowed scientists to predict what would happen. (The New Book of Knowledge pg. 104) One of the scientists efforts dealt with quantum mechanics. It aggravated Einstein that he could not figure out why light sometimes behaves like a particle and sometimes like a wave. Other scientists devised some answers to the particle-wave question and moved ahead to develop the field of quantum mechanics. One of the basic ideas was the uncertainty principle-the idea that one could never predict when an atom would release a quantum of light. Einstein could never accept this. I cannot believe that God would choose to play dice with the Universe, was his now-famous comment (Heinrichs pg. 29). As the years pass, scientists have used quantum mechanics to invent many advanced inventions (Heinrichs pg. 29). Einstein for instance had shown that light could be amplified. Further research in quantum mechanics produced the laser, a name that stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Now lasers have thousands of practical uses in medicine and industry (Heinrichs pg. 29). Another one of Albert Einsteins most famous efforts is the popular equation of E=mc^2 (Heinrichs pg. 6). This equation means that energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. Basically, it explains that physical material can be transformed into energy. This principle led to the splitting of the atom, which ushered in the nuclear age. (Heinrichs pg. 6). This effort especially had a huge affect on the world. This discovery led to the makings of nuclear weapons, the atomic bomb, during World War II. On the other hand, Einsteins most well-known effort, that has probably had the biggest affect on science and the world, is his theory of relativity (Heinrichs pg. 6). Its the notion that space and time are not firm, fixed, and unchanging, but relative-swelling and shrinking with ones point of view. (Heinrichs pg. 6) There have been two different theories of relativity. Both have had big influences on science (Parker pg. 26). Special relativity was accepted in a few years. It was in the mainstream of scientific events, and it answered questions that scientists were asking. And it had many uses in the main areas of research being carried out at that time, such as nuclear physics and quantum mechanics. (Parker pg. 26). Also, it is an everyday tool for physicists working on the makeup of matter and the forces that bind it together. (Parker pg. 26). Einstein continued research for laws of the universe until the end (Freeman, pg. 106). It will be many years before all his ideas can be followed through. But like Copernicus and Isaac Newton, he forced men to re-examine their world. Directly or indirectly, Einstein has already influenced many areas of the modern world-science, art, philosophy. (Freeman, pg. 106) Albert Einstein has become a popular figure throughout the years, even though only few people understand his works (Heinrichs pg. 4). His discoveries opened the door to the development of television, lasers, transistors, computer chips, nuclear power, and space exploration. (Heinrichs pg. 4) Also, Albert Einstein encouraged many people to exercise their imagination. Imagination, he once said, is more important than knowledge, knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world. (Heinrichs pg. 5) Thanks to Einstein, science fiction took off in fantastic new directions. His theories paved the way for what-if? scenarios about time travel, time warps, black holes, and voyages to distant galaxies. (Heinrichs pg. 5) Einstein was one of our greatest geniuses, period according to Bran Ferren the cochairman and chief creative officer of Applied Minds in his statement in the September 2004 Discover, this declaration is extremely clairvoyant in its praise for Einstein; but, even geniuses make statements and errors that can send waves of controversy through the discipline. Einstein was not immune to making errors or falsifying research as was most noted in his attempts to prove a paralyzed universe. According to Karen Hunt of Discover In 1916 Einstein what he considered a glitch in his new theory of general relativity (Wright 2004, 50). Instead of attempting to revise his newly presented theory he allowed pride to taint his new findings. To account for these new findings Einstein So he invented a fudge factor, called lambda, that could function mathematically to hold the universe at a standstill (Wright 2004, 50). Einstein himself admitted that lambda was a fudge factor when he said in regards to the constant was not justified by our actual knowledge of gravitation (Wright 2004, 50). Albert Einstein is often attributed to quantum mechanics and few realize the science made more steps in his attempts to disprove it. In the 1920s quantum mechanics became the rage, and it advanced by leaps and bounds, thanks in large part to Einsteins persistent efforts to discredit it (Wright 2004, 53) As the theory progressed one would assume Einstein would begin to support the theory he indirectly helped prove, but Einstein was never one to follow the normal. He was quoted as saying The more success quantum theory enjoys, the sillier it looks (Wright 2004, 53). Einstein never gave his acceptance of the quantum theory but finally shifted focus to other things such as the unified theory. Although Einstein made many mistakes and even falsified data it was but to prove that he was human. Even in his errors he often made many discoveries and spurred on further research and investigation. In his opposition he would often be the primary contributor to the discovery as in the quantum theory. Even when Einstein was wrong, in many ways he was still right and scientist today still envy his ingenious mistakes Most scientist would give their eyeteeth to make even one of Einsteins mistake (Wright 2004, 50) according to theoretical physicist Fred Goldhaber. Who could possibly be such a mortal scientist yet possess the gift to be inspiring in his errors and revolutionary in his theories. Truly Albert Einstein was a remarkable scientist whose contributions to the scientific world continue to revolutionize the way we think. Einstein, although not a renowned inventor, has influenced many modern day inventions including: smoke detectors, x-rays, GPS, roads, computer monitors, fiber optic cable, and many pharmaceuticals just to name a few (Bodanis 2004, 32). His theory of relativity stretched much farther then just the scientific realm according to Walter Isaacson when he wrote Einsteins theory of relativity not only reshaped physics, it also jangled the underpinnings of society (Isaacon 2004, 14). Albert Einstein contributed so much to the scientific realms but he has influenced our society with his image being associated with the term genius and his name being forever engraved into history. His examples of abstract thinking, unmovable resolve, learning from mistakes, and his desire for knowledge produce a near perfect formula for a revolutionary. References Bodanis, David. Tinker, Thinker, Inventor of the Modern World. Discover Sept. 2004: 32-35. Goldberg, Jake. Albert Einstein. Danbury, Connecticut: Franklin Watts, 1996. Isaacson, Walter. No Mere Genius. Discover Sept. 2004: 12-14.

Management Practices of Planning

Management Practices of Planning La’Tonia Rice A great, powerful management practice to use in any place of work is would be the five functions: planning, leading, organizing, staffing, and controlling (Reilly, 2011). A lucrative workplace need to have an incredible staff working to help it make headway. An extraordinary pioneer (manager) will guarantee that workers are organized, educated of the arranging, heading, staffing, and controlling to achieve the objectives of the organization. Working in the banking business is extreme so applying the five-capacities in the workplace will work when it is connected legitimately. To be successful management needs to know the five capacities, and how to execute them into the workplace. Success will be reachable and achievable when every one of the five capacities are considered important and connected into the business as collaboration. In the midst of the current monetary crisis. Wells Fargo, the company on which I work, continues to be an organization that others seek to copy. On their website, Chief Executive Officer John G. Stumpfv states, Were one of Americas largest budgetary institutions. We have a significant universal presence. Were one of the worlds 40 largest employers and Americas twelfth largest private manager, with 275,000 colleagues. (wellsfargo.com) Like any lucrative business, Wells Fargo relies on the use of management functions such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling for operational reasons. These functions of management might be influenced by interior and outer factors such as corporate society and the economy. Wells Fargo’s utilization of the four functions of management can also be influenced by different factors such as globalization, technology, improvement, diversity and ethics. The four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling, are troublesome under the best of circumstances. There are also inward and outside factors that can impact how management performs these functions. One of the largest inside factors is the society of an organization. Society is the way by which employees feel about their organization, their observation of how the organization feels about them and their willingness to do what is best for the organization because they have to, not because it is a standard. In the unlikely event that an organization has a positive, significantly established society then the four functions are much easier to work through and execute. Planning is the establishment pillars of organization. Organizing wraps describing an acquaintanceships destinations, making a general strategy for achieving those goals, and making a far reaching movement of plans to consolidate and coordinate activities. Planning incorporates both the generalized perspective of the association, e.g., its deputation, and the narrowest, e.g., a strategy for fulfilling a particular objective. (Erven, 1994). Planning obliges organization to evaluate where the organization right away is and where it might be in the advancing years. From that point, a suitable strategy is resolved and actualized to accomplish the organizations purpose and aim. Planning is an unending strategy. There may be sudden systems needed to be executed throughout an emergency. There are outer components that continually influence an organization, both emphatically and adversely. Contingent upon the conditions, an organization may need to modify its strategy with respect to specific goals. This sort of readiness or game plan is known as strategic planning. (Reilly, Minnick, Baack, 2011) In strategic planning, management examines interior and outer elements that may influence the organization, its objectives and goals. One of the essential instruments of strategic arranging is the utilization of SWOT Analysis, a strategy that helps associations find their qualities and shortcomings, recognize zones of chance and take preventive measures against dangers emerging from both interior and outside natural elements. Leading is considered to be third in regards to managements four function. Working under this role helps managers control and oversee the movements of the staff. Leading managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among members. It likewise empowers them to render support to the representatives by managing them in the right heading, to accomplish the organizations objectives and additionally perform their particular or profession objectives, which might be controlled by inspiration, correspondence, division flow, and office initiative. Leading is an attempt to motivate and lead the employees around arranged goals. Leading plans to delegate undertakings to subordinates, doing this the right way could be useful in expanding the benefit of the whole association. Leading is attempted by all levels of the management. A predominant guides his subordinate who thus delegates errands to the individuals he administers et cetera. The specialist on the shop floor additionally coordinates the machines to perform certain assignments. Leading is an extremely human capacity of management in that it manages individuals on an individual foundation. Managers with an obligation to coordinate must be touchy to conduct examples and can read non-verbal communication in order to settle on additional educated choices in regards to their representatives. Another capacity of the management is getting ready and getting organized. A great example is grouping the laborers whom are accountable for welding under a separate boss, or setting up a group of programming architects under a particular team leader. Management must compose all its assets in advance, to take after the game plan chose throughout the arranging procedure. While deciding the hierarchy of the organization, supervisors must take a gander at the prerequisites of distinctive divisions or offices. They should additionally guarantee the harmonization of staff, and attempt to discover the most ideal approach to handle the paramount undertakings and decrease unnecessary use inside the organization. Management decides the division of work as stated by its need. It likewise need to choose for suitable divisions to hand over power and obligations. Some cutting edge management masters additionally incorporate the capacity of staffing as a paramount management polish. Without human assets, no organization can get off the ground, in addition to work together and make benefits. Indeed the most work effective plans of action like web advertising and counseling oblige skill as learned people whose employment it is to distinguish patterns, do research and give strategies for success or answers for issues. In businesses where labor is needed for paramount techniques of preparation, for example, assembling, mining, autos and substantial building, staffing could be an urgent part of the business. Staffing is an essential capacity on the grounds that it puts the right man in the right occupation. It is a continuous action as representatives stay with leaving and joining the, they likewise resign every now and then leaving vacant places in different positions. Productivity is a prime center of this capacity as overseeing individuals is the hardest employment there is, everything must be represented, leaves, installments, profits, therapeutic recompenses, standardized savings bookkeeping and considerably more. Controlling; the final of the five capacities of management, incorporates creating execution guidelines, which are adjusted to the organizations goals. It additionally includes assessment and reporting of real occupation execution. The point when these focuses are pondered over by the management, it is important to look at both these things. The controlling capacity intends to check if the undertakings being dispensed are performed on time and as stated by the principles set by the quality division. Controlling happens after the arranging methodology has been actualized and the undertakings appointed. It intends to check whether the effects are in accordance with the targets set onward in the first arrange. Measures must be set as stated by the assets accessible and representing outer variables, which may influence execution. The controlling courses of action, in correlation with other three, are a ceaseless procedure. All levels of management join in this capacity. Control is likewise changing in nature as the administration can envision future issues, embrace essential preventive measures, and set aside a few minutes. Powerful and effective administration prompts victory, which is the achievement of targets and objectives that an association sets for its self. Obviously, for accomplishing a definitive objective, inventive critical thinking and effective provision of each of the five capacities is important. Evidence-based management is an element management method that depends on observational discoveries. This is a moderately new management strategy that looks to minimize blunders and misfortunes, through accurate arranging. Figure out a few approaches to apply this method in your work environment. Today, successful manufacturers producers distinguish the significant part that operations administration has influence of the general hierarchical procedure to establish and maintain global leadership. Although managers perform the same basic functions, there are a variety of styles and personalities that contribute to his/her success. Many factors are involved such as the culture of the organization, the personality of the managers, the type of industry, the level of the manager. This is why the five functions: planning, leading, organizing, staffing, and controlling are a great, powerful management practice to use in any place of work is would (Reilly, 2011).

The Intangible Necessity :: Customer Service Research Papers

The Intangible Necessity Works Cited Missing Introduction It’s the strategic interface between marketing and logistics, it adds value to any given product, yet it’s intangible – what is it? The answer is simple: customer service. â€Å"Customer service has been an issue since the early 1970’s† (Cavinato 60). Though it’s long been considered an issue, it’s important to remember that there isn’t one set formula to developing customer service, it’s more of a mindset (Cavinato 61). Customer service is usually only considered between retailers and end users; however, customer service is the â€Å"fuel that drives the logistics supply chain engine† (Coyle 92). It’s important for logistics companies to look at customer service from all aspects, since it is one way that companies can have a distinctive competitive advantage over competitors. This essay will discuss customer service in two parts, by explaining customer service in terms of its definition and the elements that comprise it and how customer service is applied in the logistics world. What is Customer Service? Definition One author defines customer service as â€Å"a process for providing competitive advantage and adding benefits to the supply chain in order to maximize the total value to the ultimate customer† (Coyle 96). It’s difficult to specifically define customer service because it incorporates several different areas; however, it can be narrowed down to something that a company provides to the end users of its products (Coyle 95). Customer service is important in all areas of a business, upstream to the suppliers of the raw materials and downstream to the end users. Customer service can be viewed in three standard ways: as an activity, as a performance measure, and as a philosophy (Coyle 96). Activity Customer service at this first level is very common. It’s the â€Å"particular task that a firm must accomplish to satisfy the customer’s needs† (Coyle 96). An example at this level would be a customer at a department store voicing a complaint to the â€Å"customer service† desk. The employees at the store must listen and attempt to correct the customer’s problem. The manner in which the employee or the store corrects the problem reflects on the company’s customer service. At the logistics level, it’s merely a transaction (Coyle 96). It’s the communication between the person placing the order and the company’s representative on the other end.

Brazil Culture

Comparison between marriage customs in America and Nigeria Research design It is often said that marriages are made in Heaven, and therefore, a suitable partner is very much of a necessity so as to lead a very happy and satisfied life. We often witness two types of Marriages, mainly, love marriages and arranged marriages. In love marriage, two adults decide to involve themselves in the holy bond of matrimony and in the other the families of the groom and the bride, or the third parties, a very active role in determining the match. In earlier days arranged marriages were the norm; this research provides a comparative analysis of the different practices and beliefs in  marriage  in the American and Nigerian contexts. The research contends that in effect,  marriage  rituals are characterized as dynamically developing to include or allow social changes that happen in terms of looking for a potential domestic partner . Marriage is the most important event in a persons life and the ceremony and tradition involve dare an integral of the day. Marriage customs and ceremony are based on the religion and the country the person is in. There are lots of difference in the marriage customs between Nigeria and America, like in country â€Å"Nigeria†, marriage procedures follows step by step which depends on where the man comes from, either from the eastern part (called the Ibos), western (called the Yoruba’s) and the northern part of Nigeria (called the Hausas), in this research I would be talking about marriages only in the western region. Marriage in the western region of Nigeria involves various stages before the couple can be declared as husband and wife. Before a man can marry a woman he ought to go through some traditional rituals and process which involves quality time and money. This involves three different stages, firstly is the â€Å"momimo† meaning â€Å"introduction† in Yoruba language, then the â€Å"idanaadehun igbeyawo† meaning â€Å"engagement† and lastly the main event called â€Å"ayeye igbeyawo† meaning wedding, after this last process then the couple can now called regarded as husband and wife. The first stage: â€Å"THE INTRODUCTION† is the part of the occasion whereby the man and his family goes to the woman’s family to ask of approval of their daughter’s hand in marriage. The procedure involves the groom and his family, and a person called â€Å"olopa iduro† meaning standing policeman. The standing policeman is the one who speaks on behalf of the groom’s family, he might be a family member or hired for the occasion. This same procedure also applies to the bride’s family but in this case the appointed speaker is called â€Å"olopa ijoko† meaning sitting policeman in Yoruba language. The whole procedure takes place in the bride’s family house where everybody will gather around waiting for the groom’s arrival, meanwhile preparations like food and other things would be made down by the bride’s family. The bride’s family is supposed to be dressed in the native attire which implies respect for the culture. The groom and his family are expected to come on the time appointed but there is a concept called â€Å"African Time† where no one is expected to arrive at the actual time appointed for the occasion, nevertheless if the groom and family arrive too late and keep them the bride and family waiting for short while, they might be asked to leave or probably allowed to appeal to the family by paying a traditional fine to the bride’s family before they could be accepted. hen the groom and his family gets to the brides place, as soon as the enter the house the men prostrate to the brides parents while the bride kneel down to the groom family, this is a respectful way of exchanging greetings according to Yoruba culture. After all the cultural greetings they take their seats whereby both families sits on opposites sides of the room with the bride and groom in the center while the olopa ijoko and olopa iduro take the seats in the middle so as to be get a close attention of everybody closely. The â€Å"olopa iduro† (the standing policeman) starts by introducing the groom and his family to the bride and her family then he brings out a proposal letter from the groom’s family and gives it to the brides family through â€Å"olopa ijoko† (the sitting policeman). The proposal is then read out orally to the bride’s family, since it is already comprehended that the couples are going to be married, the proposal is not usually rejected at this point. The groom also ays an amount of money called â€Å"owo ori iyawo† meaning bride price and this goes directly to the bride. When various introductions have been made, the proposal is accepted on the spot then they make arrangements for the second process of the marriage which is the ENGAGEMENT. THE ENGAGMENT is the part of the occasion whereby the bride and groom are tied together traditionally based on the Yoruba culture, this also takes place at the bride’s house and again they are responsible for the refreshments and other necessary preparations for the occasion. This part of the occasion, both families are meant to wear Yoruba traditional attire called â€Å"aso oke† which are more elegant and expensive, later on some prayers are said and some symbolic items of food are passed around by the â€Å"olopas† (The two policemen) and it’s then passed around to the guest, which is then used to bless the bride and groom in a prayer said in Yoruba language. The first item is â€Å"obi† (kola nut) then elder says â€Å"won ma gbo† meaning they will ripen Won ma to  meaning they will eat and not go hungry Won ma d'agba meaning they will grow old. The second item is â€Å"Ata ire: this consists of many seeds, and it is opened up, and the superstition is that the number of seeds that fall out is the number of children the couple will bear. The third item is Oyin (honey), sugar, ireke (sugar cane): these all symbolize that the union will be sweet. The grooms family also bring lots of other thing like yam, drinks, wine, palm oil, during all these before she shows up, she usually waits in her indoors until she’s called for, she comes out wearing a veil made of plaited hair which represents reserve and accompanied by one of her friends and taken to her parents then kneels down before so they can give her their blessings, she then sits near the groom, this is when she becomes unveiled. The couple jumps over a brush covered with flowers which symbolizes the stating of a domestic life, the groom then kisses her then everybody begins to eat and rejoice till the end of the occasion. The third and final stage of the marriage is the main wedding which is held in a church or mosque depending on the religion. This is the part of the occasion where they are joined by God and exchange vows. They can now be called husband and wife and go on a honeymoon if they could afford it but not really necessary, start living together and raise a family. On the other side American marriage are held upon high standards and based upon strong values that are shared between the two parties being wed, these two are brought together to form their sacred bondage of love and life with each other. Weddings in America are known to be the most flexible and varied in the entire world due to the variation of race and ethnic backgrounds that the American culture embodies. In America, a man and a woman meet in the most casual and social way like a bar, restaurant, events and other lots of places, they don’t need to do too much introduction to get married as long as they love one another. There is only one procedure in getting married in the United States which is mainly in the church. Friends and family assemble, soft slow romantic and the vows add to the charm of the marriage customs. In America, before the marriage the bride have a little get together called bridal night where only her and her female friends have a last night of all alone fun before her matrimonial life begins and also the groom also have his own party called bachelors party is going out with his male friends to have fun before his marriage. In an American marriage, the bride wears a pure white gown and the groom wears a black tuxedo. Since the weeding takes place in church, it is usually conducted by a priest who ask the people in the church if they have any problem with the joining of the man and woman as husband and wife or keep silent forever, then if nobody talks, the priest then ask the couple to kiss as a symbol of the union, sealed with love from God. It’s the custom for the newly wed to on a honeymoon and have a period of intimate time alone, like a vacation. It’s clearly seen that both marriage customs between the two counties are totally different, which has been the standard in as long time. Refrences and bibilographic source Marriage Customs in Many Lands (Hardcover – Jan 2005) by  H. Hutchinson Marriage Customs of the World: From Henna to Honeymoons (Hardcover – 2004/11/30 Knot Tied: Marriage Ceremonies of All Nations By  William Tegg African Ceremonies  by  Carol Beckwith Culture and Customs of Nigeria (Series – Culture and Customs of Africa) By toyin falola

buy custom Winning the Right War essay

buy custom Winning the Right War essay Abraham Lincoln was a presidential hopeful of the Republican Party during the pro-1860 presidential campaigns. The North and the South differed on very many issues, and on most occasions, the North won. This essay highlights the key causes of the Civil War. Lincoln was elected as the President of the Union on November 6, 1860. Southern states like Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, Texas, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Florida seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate (Wattenberg, Martin, and Lineberry 77). However, in his inaugural speech, Lincoln stated that he had not intentions of abolishing slavery or the Fugitive Slave Law. This statement angered the Northerners and by mid-April 1861, the Confederacy attacked Fort Sumter, and the federal forces retaliated, marking the launch of the Civil War. The primary factor that led to the war was economic disparities between the North and the South. During his presidential campaign, Lincoln used anti-slavery as his platform, an ideology that did not appeal to the Southerners. The Souths economy was based on plantation agriculture, and their main produce was cotton, a crop that was valued like gold both in the domestic and international market. Owners of huge plantations were very keen to sustain their rich lifestyle, thus; their heavy reliance on slavery. On the contrary, the North relied on industries and commerce and declined to use slavery as a source of labor. Most of the northerners controlled and owned ships, and trade routes, a very lucrative business at the time. They paid for labor and all the expenses in their commercial activities and industries. They felt that the southerners had an unfair edge, over them because they did not pay for labor. This difference in opinion could have been one of the causes that led to the Civil War. Although the South used free slavery, the North was in a better position financialy. The North had nothing to lose because they did not rely on slavery. In the Constitution and Declaration of Independence, all human beings were supposed to be free. Slavery was a very controversial issue because many people especially Northerners did not understand how a nation based on human freedom could allow slavery. Slavery was a key issue in the economic welfare of the South and abolition of the institution was out of order. The second issue involved taxation. The Rights of the Individual States was at risk over the issue of taxation. The Union demanded that, every state should collect taxes and deliver the revenue to the national government. Every state demanded that they should have representatives both in the Congress and in the House of Representatives. Although this happened, there was some element of dissatisfaction among people. Most of the Southerners felt that their voice was not heard in the national government. The South wanted lower taxes and subsidies because they grew crops like cotton that could not thrive in the North. They also felt that, the North priced their agricultural produce lowly, in a bid to control their financial well-being. The third issue was the differences sparked by the federalism versus the anti-federalism debate. In 1787, the novel Constitution was presented for ratification (Kennedy 82). Issues on interpretation of the Bill of Rights, a republic government, and the independence of the states had taken centre stage. This led to the formation of federalists (those who supported the ratification of the new constitution) and the anti-federalist (those against the constitution). Federalists included John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison while anti-federalists included Thomas Jefferson, George Clinton, Patrick Henry, and Elbridge Gerry. Federalists wrote articles in support of the Constitution (federalist papers) while anti-federalists wrote articles against the constitution (anti-federalist papers). In 17888, Federalists won, and George Washington was elected President with John Adams as his deputy. They took office in 1789 and went on to establish the first Congress and military machinery. Washington appointed Alex Hamilton as the Treasury Secretary while Thomas Jefferson was appointed as the State Secretary. Federalists like Hamilton wanted a powerful federal government while Jefferson wanted states to have more power than the federal government and a strong Bill of Rights. Hamilton proposed that the national government should clear debts owed by the states while Jefferson opposed because most Southern states had paid while the Northern states were slow in repaying the debt. The debts were paid and the government gave in to the demands of the south by moving the Capital of the Union from New York to the South of River Potomac, the current location of Washington D.C. (Gordon 17). Another main issue that caused extreme political differences between the federalists and anti-federalists was the creation of a national bank. Hamilton and his supporters used a loose clause in Article I to create a national bank. The anti-federalists argued that such a bank would put the elite close to a reserve meant for many people. In case of lack of control, the outcome would be very detrimental to the economy. The anti-federalists also opposed the imposition of tariffs on states. These tariffs were meant to act as a source of revenue for the federal government but the bill did not pass (Wood 536-537). In conclusion, economic issues like the use of slaves in the south led to growing tensions over an unfair labor advantage. The North relied on commerce and controlled the prices of commodities produced by the South. The South felt that they were targeted since they did not have economic subsidies and had to pay taxes. The strength that the Federalists had in the national government was not well accepted by the South and all these factors sparked Civil War. Buy custom Winning the Right War essay

Free Essays on Writing Experience

together. I mean speaking the language was one thing but writing it for some reason seems to be difficult for me. I don’t really remember much of that part of my life, but I do know it happened. I am extremely glad that I was able... Free Essays on Writing Experience Free Essays on Writing Experience It all happened in 1993, I was 11 years old and in the sixth grade. Back then I remember it being so much easier to write. My teacher Mr. Ingham was one of those grouchy mad at the world kind of people. I wasn’t really too concerned with that except he used to give us extremely difficult homework. I remember he made the entire class by the mini version of Webster’s Dictionary. He was very tough when it came to teaching; his main objective was that his class learned as many elaborate words as possible. Although it did not seem fare at the time, I now thank him everyday. I remember there was this one time he made us keep a journal during the entire period of the semester on that one play by Shakespeare, â€Å"The taming of the Shrew†. I think that that was when I first realized the extent and full potential of my vocabulary, that was also when I got into writing. Although I had been writing little reports here and there, I had not realized what a gift it was to be able to put words together and write a sentence let alone an essay. Sometimes I wish it could go back to just tracing letters in the recycled big sheets of paper like when I was in first grade, but then I usually snap out of it because back then I was told what to write. Now I love to just sit and free write. My experience in Mr. Ingham’s class was that of a dramatic one. Back then I just thought he was incredibly mean and bitter, now I know he just happened to have the same interest in the English language and its fascination, just like me. My mother once told me how proud she was of me because I overcame my problem with grasping the English language. It wasn’t like I did not understand English. I simply just had problems putting words together. I mean speaking the language was one thing but writing it for some reason seems to be difficult for me. I don’t really remember much of that part of my life, but I do know it happened. I am extremely glad that I was able...

Question Discussion Example

Question Discussion Example Question Discussion – Article Example Question Discussion Implementing change in an organization may be difficult. The formulation and implementation process may be riddled with challenges, but with an effective approach, implementing changes should be easy and would be for the good of the organization. In a past job, changes had to be implemented to allow for the extension of the food outlet. These changes may have impacted some people in a negative way, which meant that some people would get shortchanged by the coming developments. The changes took place successfully as the food outlet opened up few branches while cutting back on its staff in some outlets. One of the things to remember when implementing change would be to establish clear objectives and goals. In doing so, there would clear cut intentions of what the change is aimed at achieving. Goals that are measurable can assist in measuring the progress made, thus; increasing the rate of success (Jones and Recardo 58).Also, letting the purpose of the changes determ ine the methods for implementing change could also work in my favor. What this means is that, the main reason for implementing the changes must take precedence in order to find out which methods are required to attain the desired results. In doing so, people who are affected might see the end result so that they are not disgruntled in the end. Lastly, identifying and using the organization’s strengths to my advantage would work in implementing change successfully. Skills, previous knowledge and experience are just examples of organizational strengths that one can exhibit while implementing change. They may guide in determining what is good for the organization, based on past experiences and specific skill-set (Jones and Recardo 67). Work CitedJones, David J., and Recardo, J. Ronald. Leading and Implementing Business Change Management: Making Change Stick in the Contemporary Organization. New York: Routledge, 2013. Print.

Enlightened Shareholder Value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Enlightened Shareholder Value - Essay Example The concept of shareholder value holds that company directors must tailor their policies to be in line with the interests of the shareholders of the company1. Directors are therefore expected to steer the operations of the company with the maximization of the shareholder’s interests as the main priority. The United Kingdom established the Company Law Review Steering Group (CLRSG) in late 1990s and mandated it to come up with a detailed review of English company law. At the end of its exercise, the CLRSG noted that the country’s legal system, like other Western jurisdictions, prefers shareholder value. The CLRSG indicated that the current legal system reflects the reality that business organizations are run in such a way that the shareholders often benefit. That is, the legal system confers upon shareholders absolute powers in the management of the local companies, such that the mandate of the directors is basically to exercise delegated power. Additionally, the CLRSG st ated that the crucial goal of business organizations is to create maximum gains for the investors in the short term as opposed to long-term goals2. This paper examines the argument that the enlightened shareholder value principle is a sophisticated restatement rather than a refutation of the principle of shareholder primacy. ... This is especially true even after the latest repeals to the body of law as envisaged in the Companies Act 2006. It is arguable that, unlike the largely fair structures of company law, English case law has consistently reaffirmed the primacy of shareholders. The courts have traditionally held that any public business organization should be managed to the advantage of the membership or shareholders3. However, the CLRSG has recommended a change of tack. To this end, the reviewing body supported the implementation of the principle of enlightened shareholder value (ESV)4. Section 172(1) of the Companies Act 2006 mainly captures the provision for the ESV. The provision reaffirms the management of every company should be done with respect to the interests of the shareholders. The section basically upholds the principle of shareholder value, but limits the formerly absolute benefits of the group by introducing the rule and the need for due respect for the interests of other stakeholders5. T his is arguably a proposal for a new doctrine in the English law, in the sense that section 172(1) conditionally supports the primacy of the interests of the shareholder. The requirement, which could be interpreted as the enlightened aspect of the shareholder value, underscores the doctrine of due attention to the value of non-share-holders as well. The latest law has brought about far-reaching legal implications in the understanding of the provision. Responses to the new clause among legal opinions may be divided into two categories: supporters and detractors of the enlightened shareholder value rule. It can be argued that section 172(1) is actually a modest but well thought-out principle that will balance the

The Idea of Social Networking Literature review

The Idea of Social Networking - Literature review Example What is most important to understand is the fact that electronic commerce is now starting to emerge into an entirely new way. The Google Adsense, Craiglist.com has made the advertising cheaper and readily reachable to the targeted audience. The idea of social networking1 added much to this concept as now marketers are targeting such social networking communities to derive strong word of mouth for the products and services they offer. Therefore social networking coupled with electronic commerce not provided an opportunity to meet and broaden the social network of individuals but marketers also tapped a new avenue for marketing the products and services in much unique and effective way. As discussed above that social network are groups who share common characteristics and are willing to formulate common platforms which help them to discuss and share their interests, attitudes, likings, disliking, professional information etc. However, what is critical is the fact that social networks have now emerged in a much broader sense. Information technology has broadened the scope and depth of such networks by providing a cheap alternative to meeting electronically. As a result, not only ordinary social networks such as Facebook emerged but professional social networks have been developed too where professional belonging to the same profession often discuss their ideas and information. While discussing social networking, it is also important to discuss social software, a new word which is re-defining how people tend to meet. Social software has been defined as a set of social tools which allow its users to create, support, manage as well as discover interpersonal relationships. (Teten & Allen, 2005). In an essence, therefore, social software provides an opportunity to support the conversation between the members or groups, create and support the social feedback received during that conversation and finally help the emergence of social networks. This can be achieved either through the formation of personal websites, online forums, instant messengers such as MSN and Yahoo, creating blogs or finally websites such as facebook, myspace etc. Castells define a network society as a society "whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies" (Manuel. Castells, 2004). This very definition hints towards how the information flows with the help of new technologies and subsequently helps to formulate societies which share particular traits or characteristics. One of the commonest characteristics is the use of information technology to get connected with each other. Viewing in that perspective, social networking may also be described as the potential network or electronic societies which allow people to formulate groups that share common characteristics. Â  

Recent Trends in Privacy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recent Trends in Privacy - Article Example Companies do this by installing monitoring tools on the mobile phones of the employees (EY, 2014). However, the article warns organizations that they should ensure that the monitoring tools safeguard only essential information to avoid interfering with private information of workers. The next trend is the use of data analytics to conceal the information that companies get from consumers on social media. This is because social media users provide organizations with too much private information, and this means that such data needs to be safeguarded (EY, 2014). Therefore, the use of data analytics will protect information of social media users; for example, the data may be stored in encrypted forms to ensure that unauthorized persons are not able to read and understand its meaning. The last technique of privacy discussed in the article is the use of cloud service brokerage. The article, however, argues that companies need to analyze the use of this service to ensure that it does not threaten the privacy of information. EY, 2014. Privacy trends 2014: technology trends have privacy implications. EY building a better working world. Retrieved from

What insight does the theory of internal colonialism offer into the Essay

What insight does the theory of internal colonialism offer into the processes which led to the formation of the United Kingdom - Essay Example In addition, religion, language, ethnicity or another cultural factor may have set this internal colony apart and the members left out of government and other political processes. When the colonial period ended, the term was used for regions where sovereign government exploited the economically backward and ethnically unique. This paper examines the notion of internal colonialism, and how it brought about the creation of the United Kingdom. 2. The effects subjugated on the culture and society of the colonized members. This is quite apart from a result of natural mixing with the group. The colonizing group initiates a strategy to transform, constrain or obliterate native values, orientations, and the old way of life. 3. Successful colonization necessitates a relationship where people of the colonized group allow themselves, without continuous revolt, to be governed and supervised by the colonizers with regards to their ethnic position. 4. The practice of racism. It is a feature of social domination and exploitation by one group over another who is viewed as inferior or different with regards to certain biological features. Such a group is controlled, and oppressed socially and physically by the superior group Theories of internal colonialism are diverse and numerous attempts have been made to put them into perspective. In an effort to explain them, Robert J. Hind says that the theories give many reasons, descriptions and inferences and falsely assume a great deal of harmony among both the natives and colonizers. There is also a tendency to reduce the intricate social organization to simple terms. These theories overlook the fact that for capitalism to expand, colonialism is a necessary evil. Rodolfo Stavenhagen says that a certain degree of social polarization combined with disproportionate development is necessary for capitalism to further itself. Thus, internal colonialism that prevails in a number of nations

Communication and Culture Issues over disrupted Software management Assignment

Communication and Culture Issues over disrupted Software management - Assignment Example Considering that a single organization cannot afford to undertake the production and distribution of the software globally on its own, the collaboration with other partners to achieve this is inevitable (Andreessen, 2011). It is this collaboration with other business partners that makes the coordination of the business more complex, threatening to affect the software development project negatively. As observed by Lee, Delone and Espinosa, the factors that creates major barriers to the coordination between the software producers and their partners include geographic distance, time separation, cultural differences, language differences and organizational boundaries (Lee, Delone, & Espinosa, 2006). Complexity of Global coordination Businesses rarely understand what makes the global software business successful. Thus even when confronted by such challenges, businesses are not in a position to dissect and clearly identify the appropriate strategies that would see them overcome these chall enges (Gonsalves, 2011). Nevertheless, there are certain strategies that can be applied to overcome such challenges, which include building a common platform, where the business partners should share an initial understanding of the suitable framework that would drive the collaboration between these business partners successful (Rosenberg, 2012). Labor organization is yet another strategy applicable to overcome the challenges of global software business partners’ communication since it entails the allocation of specialized duties to each of the partners, which ensures that they do not duplicate or overstep their operations thus avoiding the confusion that would ensue (Hoffman, 2013). The creation of understanding is yet another vital strategy, which calls upon the software business partners to share the challenge they face in a single platform, which will create a reference point for future operation plans, and thus help in avoiding the same challenges. Educating the team memb ers on the unique challenges facing the global software business and informing them of the strategies applicable to effectively overcome such challenges goes a long way in preparing the teams on how to address future challenges based on the past experiences (Brett, Behfar & Kern, 2006). Technology readiness is yet another strategy applicable, which impresses upon the team members to always prepare to adapt to new technologies that would enhance their collaboration. Increasing the frequency of new software development, coupled with teamwork which enables the teams to work as a co-located entity serves to foster high coordination, and thus enhance speedy goal achievement for the global team (Lee, Delone, & Espinosa, 2006). The advantage created by these strategies is that they foster goal attainment for the global software development and distribution team as if the team was a single co-located entity, working in a seamless collaboration. Nevertheless, the application of such strategi es requires high levels of commitment and efforts by all the team members involved. Ramesh, Cao, Mohan and Xu observe that there is a tendency for software developm

Advertising class Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising class - Assignment Example The university also has seven professional schools and four professional health science schools. There are various extracurricular activities to choose from and an amazing student life package that includes housing, hospitality, traditions, student government among others. Check out our offers on our open day on the 26th of November 2014. The motive of this campaign is to encourage Lasell College students to enjoy their life in college by experiencing life and love. My audience is Lasell college students, and I will be targeting single students who are interested in enjoying college life and finding a partner to share life’s moments with. I will start a campaign with two different ideas, meaning that two different ads will be developed for this campaign. Here are the following ads: The first ad will develop an announcement for the first meeting for the singles where they will interact as they participate in some fun- filled activities to help them loosen up. I will spread the ad around social media and local newspapers to reach as many audiences as I can. The promise for this session will be to help the singles meet other single people who are likeminded and fun to be with. The theme for this ad will be â€Å"Live and love† The radio advertisement will be as follows: Being in a college without a partner can be boring, and it sucks! Are you single and lonely? Looking for a partner? Well, look no further! Come to the Lasell College student’s hall on the 15th Nov 2014 for the singles night and get hooked up. Meet other likeminded individuals and change your college experience! There will be various fun activities that you can participate in that will get you connected to the right person. Come one come all!! For details call Molly on 09876789 for ad vance booking The second ad will be for a range of outdoor activities for

What insight does the theory of internal colonialism offer into the Essay

What insight does the theory of internal colonialism offer into the processes which led to the formation of the United Kingdom - Essay Example In addition, religion, language, ethnicity or another cultural factor may have set this internal colony apart and the members left out of government and other political processes. When the colonial period ended, the term was used for regions where sovereign government exploited the economically backward and ethnically unique. This paper examines the notion of internal colonialism, and how it brought about the creation of the United Kingdom. 2. The effects subjugated on the culture and society of the colonized members. This is quite apart from a result of natural mixing with the group. The colonizing group initiates a strategy to transform, constrain or obliterate native values, orientations, and the old way of life. 3. Successful colonization necessitates a relationship where people of the colonized group allow themselves, without continuous revolt, to be governed and supervised by the colonizers with regards to their ethnic position. 4. The practice of racism. It is a feature of social domination and exploitation by one group over another who is viewed as inferior or different with regards to certain biological features. Such a group is controlled, and oppressed socially and physically by the superior group Theories of internal colonialism are diverse and numerous attempts have been made to put them into perspective. In an effort to explain them, Robert J. Hind says that the theories give many reasons, descriptions and inferences and falsely assume a great deal of harmony among both the natives and colonizers. There is also a tendency to reduce the intricate social organization to simple terms. These theories overlook the fact that for capitalism to expand, colonialism is a necessary evil. Rodolfo Stavenhagen says that a certain degree of social polarization combined with disproportionate development is necessary for capitalism to further itself. Thus, internal colonialism that prevails in a number of nations

Advertising class Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising class - Assignment Example The university also has seven professional schools and four professional health science schools. There are various extracurricular activities to choose from and an amazing student life package that includes housing, hospitality, traditions, student government among others. Check out our offers on our open day on the 26th of November 2014. The motive of this campaign is to encourage Lasell College students to enjoy their life in college by experiencing life and love. My audience is Lasell college students, and I will be targeting single students who are interested in enjoying college life and finding a partner to share life’s moments with. I will start a campaign with two different ideas, meaning that two different ads will be developed for this campaign. Here are the following ads: The first ad will develop an announcement for the first meeting for the singles where they will interact as they participate in some fun- filled activities to help them loosen up. I will spread the ad around social media and local newspapers to reach as many audiences as I can. The promise for this session will be to help the singles meet other single people who are likeminded and fun to be with. The theme for this ad will be â€Å"Live and love† The radio advertisement will be as follows: Being in a college without a partner can be boring, and it sucks! Are you single and lonely? Looking for a partner? Well, look no further! Come to the Lasell College student’s hall on the 15th Nov 2014 for the singles night and get hooked up. Meet other likeminded individuals and change your college experience! There will be various fun activities that you can participate in that will get you connected to the right person. Come one come all!! For details call Molly on 09876789 for ad vance booking The second ad will be for a range of outdoor activities for

The Effects of Single Parenting on Children Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Single Parenting on Children Essay For as long as human families have existed, the core family group of a father, mother, and the children has been the ideal composition in what could be considered a balanced and fulfilling functional family. There had been many studies of the effects of having certain members of these groups on the family household present and absent. While there are many hypothesis of the effects of the children in the family in household with a missing parent, most of them are indeed negative and there had been studies that these can vary in many different aspects of a child’s upbringing. These effects will be discussed and functionality of the household family itself will be discussed to look at the issues mostly in the mother and child side. This is because typically in a single parent family it is usually the mother that the children will be left with after a divorce or separation takes place. It is true that in many circumstances that a single parent father may be left responsible for the children but this does not seem to occur nearly as likely as many times unwed pregnancies leave the mother responsible for raising the child. The fact is however that these occurrences of single parent families especially for single parent mothers are prevalent enough to be an issue. This is even more so as studies have indicated that unwed births, which increase the amount of single parent families, have been increasing as well. Trends have been found that in from the year 1960 and 1995 an increase of 26. 9% of unwed births has been seen while an increase of 4. 4% between the years 1995 to 2005. Studies in 2004 suggest that the percentage of women of ages 20-24 who have given birth to children are unmarried 55% of the time while women of ages 25-29 are unmarried 29% of the time when bearing children (5). The importance of this issue is well known and has been addressed for a long time since single mother circumstances has always been occurring for a variety of reasons. The biggest reason is most likely because the mother herself is the one who gives birth to the child, which naturally begins the relationship with the mother and child promptly at the start of the child’s life. In history men had been always been the sex responsible for representing their nation or group for military conflict and casualties in any engagement is mostly costly to the lives of the men who participate in the actual fighting. The loss of a women’s husband in general if either from war or otherwise will result in the woman being left alone to care for the child. Also since divorce, unwed pregnancies, or even rape will result in the mother’s absence in a father figure for the environmental upbringing for the child, the heart of the research in the single parent family usually involves the effects of the missing father. The importance of the father figure is substantial for the child even in the early days of infancy. Although it is the mother that is more responsible for the nurturing nature that the child requires, it has been shown that a father figure’s presence is significant even during infancy. There are differences in the way that a mother and father interact with a baby although these are limited mostly to one-sided communication and touch between the baby and the parent. The mother as mentioned before has the most interaction with the infant and is usually more comforting often speaking to the infant with more soothing and rhythmical fashion. This is different typically in father’s who usually express themselves in a more upfront manner with more physical touching as well as with firmer and abrupt vocal tones. This is important for the child even at the early stages of its development since these types of interactions from the father stimulate the child in a more fun, exciting, and adventurous level. A child that has these stimulations tend to score higher in brain development and critical thinking tests (6). The importance of a father figure is more prevalent in early childhood through the notion of physical play. Besides from the child having opportunity for fun through interaction with another person, a rougher and more challenging (though still comforting) environment that is beneficial for development. This type of play which is more predominant when provided from a father can present the child the opportunity to learn his own physical boundaries, the effect of its own actions on its surrounding world, and to learn about its own emotions while discovering the notions of winning and losing. Studies have proven that interactions with the father through play and otherwise teach children to become more emotionally aware of themselves and others. Studies have shown that these children will also get along better with siblings and peers better due to these emotional developments (6). These benefits for the child can also have lasting effects into later life for developing relationships with others. The father figure is also usually more responsible for influencing challenges and trying new things for young children. This is significant for the development of the child’s problem solving skills as well as his or her self-esteem when able to succeed in new or challenging situations. These can also help build independence as a father figure tends to allow the child to explore the world and try things out for him or herself. The father figure is also more responsible for disciplinary action towards the child which not only teaches the child what kind of behavior is appropriate or not, but also teaches them to be responsible for their actions. Not only by providing discipline, the father figure also sets a role model of responsibility that can cause the child to become less troublesome, able to take responsibility, and not blame others for their circumstances (6). From the start of the child’s life it is evident that the role of both parents is important for the development in healthy children. Aside from the individual roles which are provided by the two parents separately, the problems of having just one parent in the household to take responsibility of the child by him or herself can be hampering for the child’s development as well. There have been correlations that single parent family households may not provide the best living environment for a child. These negative aspects can originate from the actions of the single parent and from the child due to the differences in the environment of a single parent household. These can be because of economic issues as a single parent mother will have more responsibilities for herself to support the family without the assistance of a spouse. These responsibilities can also be trickled down to the child as well and both aspects can be stressful to the mother and to the child. Both of these factors can separately be detrimental to the physical and mental health to the child specifically (1). Studies show that adolescents that are raised by single parents tend to score lower in psychological tests which indicate lower levels of self-esteem, mental health, the ability to concentrate and learn in school, and to interact socially with others (1). There are several variances to how each of these types of results can occur with relevance to being raised in a single parent household. Stress being one of them can be shared by both the child and the parent as the presence in one can cause the other family member to experience it as well. The stress can occur from both economic and social hardships from being a single parent. With the higher level of responsibilities being put on the single parent, it is often seen that the child is left with more household duties than children with both a mother and a father. The higher amount of chores and stress brought on from them coupled with the stress felt by the child from parent can have negative effects on the child emotionally. The stress and worsen moods generated from these living conditions can increase the occurrences of mental illness and also bad behavior (1). This is also harder to deal with for the single parent as the larger workload put upon them and the stress that is brought with it leaves them with less resources and time to appropriately interact with the child. It can be noted also that adolescent children do communicate better with a single parent more and family decisions are made more so with participation with the child. This interestingly however correlates with more determents to mental health as well as self-esteem to the child (1). This can be because the said interactions between the parent and child may not always be positive ones due to the stress discussed earlier. It can be since a single parent may have to lay more responsibility upon the child, fewer rules upon the child’s behavior may be present which can have negative effect on the child’s mental health due to higher levels of insecurity. The higher level of decision making left on the child having negative effects on self-esteem and mental health may be due to greater insecurity and thoughts of incompetence from the child (1). All of these factors of stress, emotional stability, and mental health can have detrimental effects on not only the child’s academic and social progress but also later in life in the work environment as well as parenting their own offspring as well. The physical wellbeing of the child must also be addressed as those may also be compromised when brought up in a single parent family. The ability to provide all the needs to the child in a single parent household are typically lower due to the single parent having less time and resources. Although social programs are available for these situations, studies still prove that single parent children often receive less medical attention than those from with both parents. Plutzer showed in a study that only 57% of children have been brought to dental care facilities by their mothers while a 71% of those from double parent families have been seen (2). These can be again since the single mothers may not have the time to fully attend to these healthcare needs as a discrepancy can be seen in the health care even to the mothers themselves. This is most likely supported by the fact that interventions from the mentioned social programs take more consideration to the single mother families. This may fortify the thought that economic status may not play as big of a role in what can be provided for all these issues for the single parent children. If economic situations may not be the more contributing factor for these underprivileged children, it may be more to the parenting and relationship with the child and single parent that can be the cause. A study has been done to research environmental factors that can cause developmental disorders on young children that focus on children before adolescence and even infancy. These studies have indicated that children that have been raised by single parents are more likely to develop persuasive developmental disorders as well as mental retardation (3). It has also been shown that even in children with both parents present to them that these issues have higher occurrences due to inadequate parenting indicated in low test scores in communication and affected response from either or both parents. But to focus on these issues relating single parenting, it can be said that these problems are from parent performance when considering just environmental factors. It should be mentioned however that economic issues can have an effect in-directly to the higher amount of developmental problems seen in the children brought up by single mothers. The said before stress put on single mothers can cause inadequate parenting starting from birth and could have additive effects on the child during its development. Studies has also indicated that single mothers also have a higher chance of having mental disorders such as depression which can also be detrimental to raising the child at all stages of his or her upbringing (3). This falls back on the interaction with the child and mother that this interaction is much lower when the mother suffers from such ailments. Though studies on developmental disorders and especially mental retardation on young children and infants is relatively new, these can be a productive incentive to hit the issue of young people with behavior problems from a new angle. This is such since studies have proven that children with persuasive developmental disorders are much more likely to have more serious mental issues later in life. Also since mental retardation is predominantly thought to have more genetic causes than environmental. However more studies have proven that environmental factors especially with parent child relations can have a greater effect (3). There have been other instances where economic situations have not played the biggest role in the proper upbringing of a child by single mothers. An issue in Malaysia has risen to the increase of adolescent children in the country. It has been observed that a growing problem with adolescent children’s behavior has arisen due to higher levels of drug use, aggressiveness, gang activity, and other antisocial activity. A study was done on the issue with to focus on the home life and relationship with the children and their parents. This was centered on households where there were children being raised by single mothers since there was also a large increase in the amount of single mothers also occurring. The study covered many family backgrounds with varying economic and social statuses as well as single parent and married couple households. The results were that indeed children being brought up in households run by a single mother had higher chances of displaying antisocial behavior. However many variables were also tested such as the differences in income for these single mothers. It was shown that there was not much difference in the amount of children with these issues from single mother households where the mother earned a large income or low income (4). This fact implies that family structure or the interactions between the parent and the child are the reasons for the bad behavior. It could be thought that the income may be an indirect cause of this behavior since the workload and stress would affect the single mother, who does not have as many benefits in Malaysia. Since however this particular study did not see much correlation between the antisocial behavior of the children and the income of these single mothers, it can be assumed that family structure may play a larger role in the issue. The Islamic family has a core family style that involves having a father figure particularly active during the adolescent stage of the child. These roles that the older male figure in the household is to allow the child to experience the outside world and the responsibilities that come from the culture outside of the household (4). The absence of these older male figures to provide this to the children may put greater stress on the mother who has to solely be responsible for providing all the needs to herself and her children. This hypothesis is further strengthened by the results of the studies that even fully complete families with both he mother and father have seen increases in the amount of antisocial adolescents due to lackluster parenting (4). These ideas have been expressed earlier when discussing the other studies but are further reinforced by this one especially since this was done in a foreign context where the culture differs greatly from in the United States. Though there are many issues that can arise in children from single parent families and those issues can result in a variety of reasons, the focus on the studies presented show that a large amount of problems can come from the large responsibility put on single mothers. The single mothers put at a disadvantage to not having a partner must tend to the needs of her child both emotional and substantially, while at the same time supporting herself. This is a daunting task as much consideration must be put on raising a mentally and physically healthy child. Single mothers are left at an economic disadvantage compared to married mothers obviously, but the main issues come to the interaction between the parent and the child. These important interactions often become deterred one way or another due to the larger responsibilities put on the mother (and sometimes the child) to survive and the stress put upon the mother may affect the mood and psychological state she may be in. These all can have negative impacts on the child which can range from less than adequate habits for physical health, sociemotional issues that can result in antisocial behavior, or even possibly mental retardation and developmental disorders that can result from the lack of parenting during infancy. The biggest issue most likely stems down to the absence of both parents in the child’s life, however most social studies until recently have focused on the economical issues that these single mothers have to deal with. The social programs especially in the United States help with the lower amount of income that single mothers make however, while these income issues may have indirect causes to the problem, it is becoming more prevalent that the parent-child interactions may be the focus and should be implemented in further study as well so that the population may be educated for better care of these children.

Gender Stereotypes In Trifles

Gender Stereotypes In Trifles The Nineteenth century was built around a society that contradict a strong point in the United States Constitution, that all men are created equal. Even though segregation was one of the main problems that got acknowledge, gender stereotype was often the case in most home throughout society. In the plays A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, and Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, the characters show stereotype through gender. This includes the belief that women are lesser people, child like in their action, and in need of being controlled. Nora was the main female character in the play A Dolls House; she lived in a lavish home eating macaroons, drinking champagne and hosting banquets. Nora lived her life, in one sense, as a complete lie. She never thought for herself or had her own opinions. Noras father would tell her what he thought about everything, leaving her no opinion but his. If she did have an opinion of her own she kept quiet knowing he would not have agreed. She played his little doll until she moved in with Torvald, her husband. She felt as though she was passed from her father hands into Torvalds hands. Now she played the role of Torvalds little doll, pretending to take on his views of everything. This evidence of gender stereotype is shown in the way Torvald treats his wife Nora, and in the way Nora acts to please her husbands. In the first act of the play we come across the first instance of Torvald name calling his wife in a child like manner is that my little lark twittering out there?(Ibsen 796) This is the first of many names Torvald use to give his wife child like tendencies. Torvald also refer to Nora as a squirrel, a spendthrift, a songbird, and a goose. Torvald shows ownership of Nora by calling her my richest treasure, denoting his attitude toward Nora as his possession. This stereotypical oppression by Torvald serves a purpose of keeping women in their place, and keeping men on the top of the social structures. One can easily determine Nora as immature and childlike in her action, this stereotype is not only presented by Torvald, but by Nora as well. When Torvald ask Nora what did she want for Christmas she replies in a very child like manner. Nora speaking quickly you might give me money(Isben 798) when Torvald said yes Nora said Oh do Dear Torvald, please, please do! Then Ill wrap it up in beautiful gold paper and hang it on the Christmas tree. Wouldnt that be fun? (Isben 798) As one reads on Nora come home in say Oh yes, Torvald, we can squander a little now. Cant we ? Just a tiny, wee bit. Now that youve got a big salary and are going to make piles and piles of money. With this excerpt, we see a child-like attitude, not only in Noras manner of speaking with the statement Just a tiny, wee bit, but also in her attitude toward money and the unrealistic expectations of making piles and piles of money. The following example also shows Noras childish manner in her personal interactions with her husband. Her manner seems more like that of a favorite daughter, accustomed to getting her way, than that of a wife, also keeping with the stereotype concerning control by keeping oppression high. Through-out A Dolls House, men are seemingly in the dominant position, and they manipulate their power to control women in ideological sphere so that their own identity and social status may be retained and be acknowledged by the society. As exposed in A Dolls House, men are in a financially and ideologically superior position over women while women are kept in a subordinate position and are confined to their homes as they are not economically independent and have to rely on their husbands for support. What causes this situation to exist in the 19th-century Europe is the social context in which people held the notion that men were supposed to be responsible to their families and provide all the necessities that a family needed, while women were supposed to maintain their sacred duty of a good wife and mother. In the case of the male protagonist Helmer Torvald, his ideology is conditioned by social standards and his conception of manliness is based on mans social values. Gender stereotype was not only shown by the male writers, but also by the female writers as well. In the play Trifle by Susan Glaspells the stereotypes made are those of the women being concerned only with trifling things, that are loyal to the female gender, and that women must live under their spouses. Trifles is based on an actual event that took place in Iowa at the turn of the Nineteenth century. The play Trifles involves a murder case that explores gender relationships, power between the sexes, and the nature of truth. In the play Trifles, the victim in the suspect is not the main focus of gender stereotype: instead the gender stereotype is presented by the investigator in his associates, follow by their wives. In the opening act of the play the men enter the house, follow by their wives. This stereotypical action was to show the dominate status of men. In Trifles, the male characters make several assumptions concerning the female characters. These assumptions show the way in which the men view the women, and are purely gender stereotypical. The first assumption that of women being only concerned with trifling things, is seen beginning with line 120 when the sheriff say Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin about her preserves. I guess before were through she may have something more serious than her preserves to worry about. Well, women are used to worrying over trifles. These lines show the attitude toward women prevalent throughout the play. It is the mens nonchalance toward the small details that ultimately undermines the murder case. The second stereotype presented by the men concerning the women is that of being loyal to their own gender. In line 140, the County Attorney states, Ah, loyal to your sex, I see. But you and Mrs. Wright were neighbors. I suppose you were friends, too. This statement also makes an assumption concerning country women being neighborly. The County Attorney assumes that because the two women were neighbors, they were naturally friends, and spoke regularly. Because of the way the men treated the women they expresses discomfort at the mens violation of Mrs. Wright house. They didnt think about the law, instead they care more about the relationships than the rules. The action by the women shows a very stereotypical asset between the bonds they have for each other, instead of doing whats right by the law. The men try to diminish the female identity or role in the societal context by setting up in unfavorable image of female as ideologically submissive and dependent, that men are the subject or the absolute, and that women objects is existence and defined by males. The consequence of this stereotypical thinking causes the women to hide the truth from the men in Trifles. The women knew that Mr. Wright kept Mrs. Wright isolated from the world: Therefore the men remain oblivious to the action of the women hiding the truth. Their men vision and, their way of knowing narrows their focus in this play. In this case gender stereotype leads to a type of blindness on what happen in the farmhouse. If the men had discovered the evidence they would have had no doubt about on how to use it. The women discovered the evidence, but since gender stereotype was a factor it lead them to hold the truth from the men. As the women read Mrs. Wright story the understood it as if it was their story. I think the ir decision are based on gender, it springs from their maps of the territory, one fundamentally. The third stereotype the men make concerning the women can be found in line 159, when the Sheriff says I suppose anything Mrs. Peters does be all right, Do you want to see what Mrs. Peters is going to take in? Oh, I guess theyre not very dangerous things the ladies have picked out. No, Mrs. Peters doesnt need supervising. For that matter, a sheriffs wife is married to the law. It is here assumed that, because Mrs. Peters is the sheriffs wife, she will do only what she should. Mrs. Peters has been asked to bring a couple of things to Mrs. Wright in jail, and if she finds anything that may be of use to the case, she is asked to let them know. After Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale find the very evidence that could incarcerate Mrs. Wright, they proceed to hide it from the men, providing the greatest evidence for the loyalty among women issue, and departing from the assumptions of women being trifling and subservient. In Trifles, the women both conform to and depart from the assumptions made by the men. Mrs. Hale has found an important piece of evidence, a dead bird. The ladies decide not to allow the men to know of the true reason for the birds death. This departs from the stereotype depicting women as only being concerned with trifling things. As concerns the loyalty of one woman to another, evidence is found in line 366 that seems to allude to such a bond. Line 366 begins when the County Attorney say Is there a cat? Mrs. Hale glances in a quick covert way at Mrs. Peters. Mrs. Peters say Well, not now. Theyre superstitious, you know. They leave. These lines also show a departure from the assumption that women are subservient to their men in that they lie to the men. In line 411 one can see more evidence of the almost sisterly bond between women. Mrs. Hale says I might have known she needed help! I know how things can befor women. I tell you, its queer Mrs. Peters reply with We live close together and we live far apart. We all go through the same thingsits all just a different kind of the same thing Here one gets the idea of women depart from the stereotypical roles assigned to them by men.

Slaves :: essays research papers

Slave Versus Master   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slavery was a huge part of America’s history and is impossible to ignore today. African-Americans, during the 1860’s, obviously disagreed with the widespread use of slavery and did whatever they could to showcase their disapproval of it. There are many examples of slaves hostility toward their masters, but unfortunately the South was too heavily populated with slave owners for most of the protests to have a huge impact on the push for the abolition of slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The population of African-Americans in the South in 1860 is appalling. In 1860 the population was sixty-six percent white, thirty two percent slave, and an unbelievable two percent free blacks in the South. The lucky, few blacks that were free had to think about the abuse and pain their fellow brothers had to go through. Although some plantation owners were pleasant to work for, it does seem that the majority of slave owners were harsh and brutal to their slaves. (Doc 113)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaves were considered as a piece of property to every slave owner and most lived a sad, to what they had to do. They protested in several different ways whether it be attacking the slave owner, wounding themselves, or simply â€Å" accidentally† breaking tool needed to perform their everyday duties. (Doc 115)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A slave named Nat Turner led one of the most famous revolts. Turner, a slave preacher, led an armed group of African-Americans on a killing spree from house to house in Southampton County, Virginia. They killed sixty white men, women, and children before being overcome by federal troops. Turner’s revolt ended with more than a hundred blacks being executed. This was the most malicious of all the revolts and after Turner’s incident slave conspiracies, were always greatly feared for as long as slavery existed. (Brink 312)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another such revolt was by a slave named Gabriel Prosser, who gathered nearly 1,000 slaves to brawl with the slave owners. Somehow a couple of slaves gave the plot away, and it was uncovered and stopped by the Virginia militia. The end of the revolt led to the execution of Prosser and others. (Brink 312)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most slave revolts weren’t anywhere near as extreme as Turner’s or Prosser’s, but there were still many other forms of revolts. It was not unusual for slaves to run away, especially to the North where slavery was illegal, but it was uncommon for the slaves to make it too far or get away.

Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby paints the picture of the way life was in the twenties. This society has the characteristics of an egotist and one who pays no attention the character of themselves. Fitzgerald's style influences the reader to portray this era as a carefree "do what feels good" society. However, Fitzgerald introduces the countless number of tragedies that take place. Through diction, imagery, and details Fitzgerald creates a morose tone. The writer evokes the reader's feelings through particular words and their meanings. In the phrase, ". . . I began to look involuntarily out the window for other cars," the word involuntarily grabs the reader. This phrase makes the reader feel melancholy for Gatsby because it it's depressing for no one to come to the funeral. It reveals how Nick and Mr. Gatz experience anticipation. Both of them know devoutly that no one will come pay their respects to Jay Gatsby. Mainly because they wait half an hour for peo ple to show up. Also, in the phrase ". . . his eyes began to blink anxiously" the word anxiously shows Nick's dolefulness for the lack of sympathy that Gatsby fails to receive. The word procession reflects the despair and lack of friendship that Gatsby witnesses in his life. The lack of companionship that Gatsby has cogitates how lonely and despondent he is. Through the uses of certain words the author helps express feelings and emotions of the morose tone. Through imagery Fitzgerald can make the reader feel like they are in the story. Water, specifically evokes the senses. It describes how the procession of cars stopped in a thick drizzle. This depicts how gloomy it appears outside. The reader can hardly see the three cars because of continuous soaking. They describe a motor hearse as ". . . horribly black and wet." A hearse normally portrays a solemn feeling, but the words horribly, black, and wet allow the reader to feel the misery and mournfulness of death. T he ground is soggy as someone splashes through it. You can smell the wet turf and feel the saturation beneath the feet. The use of water in the story aids the reader in understanding the morose setting. Fitzgerald uses certain detailed sequences to help explain the somberness of Jay Gatsby. In the first significant sequence Nick and Mr. Gatz wait for people to show up at the funeral.